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results of such studies mean for human health. Three large epidemiology

studies have been published since December 2000. Between them, the

studies investigated any possible association between the use of wireless

phones and primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma,

tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or other cancers. None of the

studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health effects from wireless

phone RF exposures. However, none of the studies can answer questions about

long-term exposures, since the average period of phone use in these studies

was around three years.

5. What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from

wireless phones poses a health risk?

A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies of people

actually using wireless phones would provide some of the data that are needed.

Lifetime animal exposure studies could be completed in a few years. However,

very large numbers of animals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a

cancer promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies can provide data

that is directly applicable to human populations, but ten or more years follow-

up may be needed to provide answers about some health effects, such as

cancer. This is because the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-

causing agent and the time tumors develop — if they do — may be many,

many years. The interpretation of epidemiological studies is hampered by

difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure during day-to-day use of wireless

phones. Many factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which the

phone is held, or which model of phone is used.

6. What is the FDA doing to find out more about the possible

health effects of wireless phone RF?

The FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and with groups

of investigators around the world to ensure that high priority animal studies are

conducted to address important questions about the effects of exposure to

Radio Frequency (RF) energy.

The FDA has been a leading participant in the World Health Organization

International Electro Magnetic Fields (EMF) Project since its inception in 1996.

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Lg D520 User Manual Page 131